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Ministry of Justice (pre-modern) : ウィキペディア英語版 | Ministry of Justice (pre-modern)
The was a division of the eighth century Japanese government of the Imperial Court in Kyoto,〔Kawakami, Karl Kiyoshi. (1903). 〕 instituted in the Asuka period and formalized during the Heian period. The Ministry was replaced in the Meiji period. ==Overview== The nature of the ministry was modified in response to changing times. The ambit of the ''Gyōbu-shō'' activities encompassed, for example: * administration and conduct of trials 〔Kawakami, citing Ito Hirobumi, ''Commentaries on the Japanese Constitution,'' p. 87 (1889).〕 * oversight of the determination of the severity of punishments〔 * regulation of the imposition of fines, imprisonments, and penal servitude〔
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